The Perfect Beauty in Petrarch´s Gli Ocohi Oi Ch´lo...

The Perfect Beauty A certain individual may establish beauty merely by what is viewed upon the naked eye, yet someone else can measure beauty by using more fundamental qualities, such as good morals and ideas, which lie beneath one’s surface. This is a topic of discussion that leaves many to ask the question, what is the true meaning of beauty? There are two prominent sonnets, which relate to the principles of true beauty; Petrarch’s â€Å"Gli Occhi Oi Ch’ Io Paralai† and â€Å"Sonnet 130† by William Shakespeare. These sonnets do nothing less, but use imagery to define the bountiful amount of beauty and how much love they possess for an individual. â€Å"Gli Occhi Oi Ch’ Io Paralai,† represents the true beauty love has by its use of excessive descriptions and tone. â€Å"Sonnet 130† proves that beauty is not measured by idealistic, regal measures, but rather proposes beauty is average and nothing out of the ordinary. For each sonnet effectively de scribes its interpretations on the joys of beauty and love. â€Å"Gli Occhi Di Ch’ Io Parlai† praises the artificial traits of beauty and love. Petrarch often put women on pedestals and describes them with hyperbolic language. His sonnet, â€Å"Gli Occhi Di Ch’ Io Parlai,† is no exception to his trend. The speaker starts off the sonnet by recounting the feeling he gets when around his love. The speaker says when their eyes meet his â€Å"passionate rapture rose† (1). He also illustrates her having â€Å"rays flashing from a smiling angels glance† (6), which he is for

Narrative Of The Disappearing, Native American, By Thomas...

In order to fully understand the first unit of American Studies I am going to orchestrate a class in which we explore the major themes and perform exercises to enhance the understanding of everyone in the class. This class will be titled, â€Å"Stories: Their Influence and Power.† This class will focus on how stories have the abilities to change people’s lives, and will especially focus on the context of stories in the lives of Native Americans. This class is extremely important because it will give students insight into not only Native stories, but into their own stories and how their lives have been impacted by them. This class will focus around excerpts from the book by Thomas King, The Truth About Stories, and circulate around two main†¦show more content†¦One simple story turned him into a star basketball player, one could also argue a psychopath as well, but we will stick to star basketball player. In order to explore this further I am going to have my st udents perform an activity. I am going to ask each student to think about a time in which someone made something up about them, and how that impacted their life. Or if they have ever made up a story about someone else and how they think that impacted the other person’s life. We will then hold class discussion on how a single story, whether true or not, can change the portrayal of a person. The second story we will analyze in The Truth About Stories is going to be quintessential to this course and will inhabit a great deal of the time. We are going to look even deeper into the power of stories and turn it into something personal for the students. We will start by reading the story about Thomas and his son moving from Utah to Canada, which is located on page 99. This is a very short story but it packs a great deal of punch. Thomas is forced to move for a job, and inherently his nine-year old son has to come with him. They get caught in a big storm and the son ends up reminding his dad that the whole entire this was Thomas’ idea. I am going to follow in Professor Richotte’s lead and put a great deal of emphasis on the son, as he did in lecture. I will stress that this was aShow MoreRelatedMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesof the American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992. To George Blin, Profesor at the Collà ¨ge de France, whithout whom none of these pages would have been started. CONTENTS A Note on the Translation by Bertrand Augst, ix Preface, xi A Note on Terminology, xiii I Phenomenological Approaches to Film Chapter I. On the Impression of Reality in the Cinema, 3 Chapter 2. Notes Toward a Phenomenology of the Narrative, 16 IIRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pageson a Western Igbo dialect. Northcote W. 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Definition and Examples of Conditional Clauses

In English grammar, a conditional clause is a type of adverbial clause that states a hypothesis or condition, real (factual) or imagined (counterfactual). A sentence containing one or more conditional clauses and a main clause (which expresses the result of the condition) is called a conditional sentence  (also known as a conditional construction). A conditional clause is most often introduced by the subordinating conjunction if. Other conditional subordinators include unless, even if, provided that,  on condition that, as long as, and  in the case of. (Note that unless functions as a negative subordinator.) Conditional clauses tend to come at the beginning of complex sentences, but (like other adverbial clauses) they may also come at the end.   Examples and Observations If we had no winter, the spring would not be so pleasant; if we did not sometimes taste of adversity, prosperity would not be so welcome. (Anne Bradstreet, Meditations Divine and Moral)Romans park their cars the way I would park if I had just spilled a beaker of hydrochloric acid on my lap. (Bill Bryson,  Neither Here Nor There: Travels in Europe. William Morrow, 1992)Even if it snows, even if there is a tornado, nothing will put off this expedition. (J.F. Powers, Death of a Favorite, 1951)After that first taste of the sandal in the dining room, I foolishly believed I would be safe as long as I stayed away from the table. (Adrienne Kress,  Alex  . Weinstein Books, 2007)and  the Ironic GentlemanIf you can keep your head when all about youAre losing theirs and blaming it on you,If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,But make allowance for their doubting too;If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,Or being lied about, dont deal in lies,Or being hated, dont give wa y to hating,And yet dont look too good, nor talk too wise...(The first stanza of Rudyard Kiplings If—, 1895) What Are 'Conditions'? Conditions deal with imagined situations: some are possible, some are unlikely, some are impossible. The speaker/writer imagines that something can or cannot happen or have happened, and then compares that situation with possible consequences or outcomes, or offers further logical conclusions about the situation. (R. Carter,  Cambridge Grammar of English. Cambridge University Press, 2006) Stylistic Advice: Positioning Conditional Clauses Conditional clauses have traditionally been placed at the beginning of a sentence, but you should feel free to place a conditional clause elsewhere if doing so would make the provision easier to read. The longer the conditional clause, the more likely it is that the provision would be more readable with the matrix clause rather than the conditional clause at the front of the sentence. If both the conditional clause and the matrix clause contain more than one element, you would likely be better off expressing them as two sentences. (Kenneth A. Adams,  A Manual of Style for Contract Drafting. American Bar Association, 2004) Types of Conditional Clauses There are six main types of conditional sentence: For example, the equilibrium between liquid and vapor is upset if the temperature is increased.(General rule, or law of nature: it always happens.)If you start thinking about this game, it will drive you crazy.(Open future condition: it may or may not happen.)But if you really wanted to be on Malibu Beach, youd be there.(Unlikely future condition: it probably wont happen.)If I were you, I would go to the conference center itself and ask to see someone in security.(Impossible future condition: it could never happen.)I would have resigned if they had made the decision themselves, she said.(Impossible past condition: it didnt happen.)If he had been working for three days and three nights then it was in the suit he was wearing now.(Unknown past condition: we dont know the facts.) (John Seely,  Grammar for Teachers. Oxpecker, 2007)

South Portland Community College ( Spcc ) Essay - 1201 Words

South Portland Community College (SPCC) is located in the primarily White state of Maine. Southern Maine is more racially diverse than the rest of Maine, but still has only a 15% non-White population. Of the over 6,000 students enrolled at SPCC, less than 20% identify as non-White, and just 6% are Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans*, Queer (LGBTQ+) identified. To address the diverse needs of these traditionally marginalized student populations on campus, over the last several decades SPCC administrators, faculty, and students created the Office of Multicultural Student Life (OMSL) and the Spectrum Center for Gender and Sexual Diversity (the Spectrum Center). The Office of Multicultural Student Life (OMSL) provides a space for racially and ethnically marginalized students to meet and create community. The OMSL, led by Director Tom Haverford, organizes events to celebrate students’ diverse cultures in a way that educates others in the community. The office provides a common area with couches and tables intended to facilitate discussions between students, staff, and faculty who spend time in the office. Director Haverford collaborates with other groups and offices on campus to organize larger events including dance festivals, poetry nights dedicated to celebrating diversity, cultural potlucks featuring ethnically diverse meals made by students, and a weekly coffee hour in the OMSL common area lounge. The Spectrum Center for Gender and Sexual Diversity, led by LGBTQ+ Services

Grandparents Raising Grandchildren At The United States

Grandparents Raising Grandchildren 1 Tesia Echaves CHLD 112 April 6, 2016 Grandparents Raising Grandchildren In The United States Grandparents Raising Grandchildren 2 Paola Scommegna is a senior writer/editor at the Population Reference Bureau.http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2012/US-children-grandparents.aspx. In this article Bureau states that in March 2012 the growing number of children in the United States are living with a grandparent. In 2010, about one in fourteen U.S. children (7 percent) lived in a household headed by a grandparent for a total of 4.7 million children, up from 5.4 million in 2005. In fact, over the past 40 years, the share of U.S. children living in a grandparent s household has†¦show more content†¦In most cases, grandparents never anticipated the need to raise their grandchildren, and they are often ill-prepared to care for one or more children. Unlike traditional foster parents, many grandparent caregivers who informally assume responsibility for their grandchildren are offered no training to raise traumatized children, and receive limited financial assistance to meet their grandchildren’s basic needs. Regardless of these challenges, many take on the parenting role valiantly, but grandparent caregivers may be financially poor and have little exper ience navigating bureaucratic systems for specialized services. Ultimately, the grandchildren are at risk for not receiving adequate supports for positive growth and development. The number of grandparents serving as primary caregivers for their grandchildren has increased nationally in the past twenty years, but the phenomenon is most prevalent in the southern region of the nation. Harleena Singh May 25th, 2012. 2010-2015 Aha!Now. A life blog and community powered by WordPress theme from ThemeForest. http://www.aha-now.com/what-challenges-grandparents-raising-grandchildren-face/ Often time’s grandparents raising grandchildren face many challenges that are not easy for them to deal with. However, grandparents raise their grandkids willingly and happily

Ethics Arthocare Corporation- Free Solution At MyAssignment Help

Question: Discuss about the Report for Ethics of ArthroCare Corporation. Answer: Part 1: Description The report portrays a case of ethical dilemma that I had to face in the workplace. In 2004, I joined the Arthrocare Corporation and started work as a management trainee. After my joining, a situation of ethical dilemma occurred within the organization. I noticed that the CEO (Michael Baker Former) and CFO (Michael Gluk former) of ArthroCare Corporation were involved in fraud of massive fraud scheme that is popular in business circles as channel stuffing. Baker and Gluk both were abusing their position of trust to enrich themselves illegally. The fraud scheme adopted by the CEO and CFO of the firm was dangerous to the employees, shareholders and investors of the firm. In this fraud scheme, at the end of each quarter, they replace millions of unnecessary medical devices with distributors in order to represent the false financial statement of ArthroCares (Calkins and Ratcliffe, 2014). Moreover, the distributors were also agreed to stock these extra medical devices because the company ma de it profitable to do so. At the same time, the company was also provided fees or generous terms to pay of distributors those were taking extra medical devices. At the same time, ArthroCare was also provided return options to distributors at no cost term if they did not able to sell medical devices. This long-running fraud scheme and misrepresentation sales contributed into the significant growth of ArthroCare that ascended its stock price (The Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2014). Baker and Gluk also provided false information about the stock to investors and market analysts of the firm. The CEO (Baker) of the company was plowing a big hole to maintain the stocks at inflated price that may show the false financial statement of ArthroCares. Moreover, in July 2008, the fraud was getting too big and it is out of control, so the corporation declared that it would repeat previous reported financial statements as an internal investigation of results. As a result, the price of shares dropped sharply that result immediately loss of more than $400 million shareholders value, but the actual total losses of more than $750 million (Calkins and Ratcliffe, 2014). This situation influenced the employees, investors, shareholders, banks and so on those were related to the firm. Moreover, it also broke the trust of the people who have a big faith in the firm. It was very shameful for me that I was working with such type of organization. At the same time, in 2011, the FBI opened a case on both Baker and Gluk. FBI investigated thousands of paper, electronic records, and documents over the next three years to find out the actual loss of investors or shareholders. Moreover, the FBIs San Antonio Field Office took interview of distributors, investors, and other individuals to find out the evidences. After a four-week trial, in June 2014, a federal jury convicted to Baker and Gluk. Furthermore, the Federal jury gave 20 years and 10 years prison as well as fine of $1 million and $50,000, respectively (The Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2014). I will rate 1 because of I am agree and also happy with the decision of the Jury. Part 2: Analysis There are numerous ethical theories that are used in todays business organizations to resolve the situation related to an ethical dilemma. For case, egoism, utilitarianism, and deontology are the important ethical theories that are helpful for the organizations in order to solve a situation of ethical dilemma in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. Apart from this, these ethical theories also play a major role to reduce the conflicts among the members of the firm. Moreover, these ethical theories also motivate all the people of an organization to perform all the business activities in an ethical manner. They should take care of ethics and morals to do all the business activities properly. The main theories of ethics are discussed as below: Egoism: Ethical egoism refers as a normative theory. As for a little while back illustrated, it recommends, favors, praises a specific sort of movement or motivation, and dishonors a substitute kind of motivation. It has two adjustments: individual moral selfishness and in addition all inclusive moral vanity. Pride logic depicts good and bad as far as the impacts to self. A braggart rationality would measure a moral issues or situation as far as how various types of activity or business choice would influence self-enthusiasm of the business (Reidenbach and Robin, 2013). This reasoning suggests that the business moral commitment is to make a benefit with take after the law. Psychological egoism is as much a hypothesis about who we are as individuals as it is a hypothesis of how we should act. It is an endeavor to give one basic clarification of human inspiration and conduct. Mental Egoism is the hypothesis that each human activity is roused without anyone else interest. This hypothesis expressed that the ethically right activity is the one that creates the greatest equalization of good over malevolence for oneself (sterberg, 2012). What's more, mental pride sees that the rationale in every one of our activities is self-interest. Moral vanity is not synonymous with narrow-mindedness or liberality. In this case, Michael Baker former CEO and Michael Gluk former CFO of ArthroCare Corporation were sentenced to 20 years as well as 10 years in prison, respectively for crime related to massive fraud scheme that cost $750 million losses of shareholders. ArthroCare Corporation both former top executives were declared criminal or fraud person in behalf of they was included in wire fraud and securities fraud that impacted on the shareholders money (Dwell, 2013). So, on the basis of this case summary and psychological Egoism theory application, ethical dilemma is identified, due to the unethical behavior of the CEO and CFO of Arthrocare Corporation. Moreover, Baker and Gluk both was only the responsible person of this ethical dilemma, so the jury of the court punished both of them for this corporate fraud (Smith, 2008). In Psychological Egoism, both top executives were misused its title or position and has not provided correct financial information of the investors, so it is unethical behavior of the business aspects. According to Psychological Egoism theory, not only the CEO and CFO of the company, but also the internal and external auditors were responsible for corporate fraud and losses of investors. In the case of internal and external auditors has been performed their roles and duties in ethically and effectively then the CEO and CFO were not able to do fraud with stakeholders (Broad, 2014). If the internal and external auditors has been performed their roles and duties in proper way then they would have protected the investors from the CEO and CFO fraud through identify this fraud and misstatement of financial data or information. Moreover, it indicated the shortfall on internal or external auditors in this case that contributed into the corporate fraud and misleading of investors by executives Baker and GluK. Utilitarianism: Utilitarianism is an ethical system or a moral theory. In addition to this, the main objective of utilitarianism is to generate the greatest amount of delight to the highest amount of people (Dion, 2012). Moreover, it believes that the most ethical thing to carry out is to maximize the happiness within a society. Utilitarians accept that activities have measurable results and that moral decisions have conclusions which prompt the most joy to the most parts of a society. On the other hand, Utilitarianism is frequently considered a "consequentialist" philosophical standpoint on the grounds that it both accepts that conclusions can be anticipated and on the grounds that it judges activities focused around their results. For this reason, utilitarianism is frequently connected with the expression 'the ends justify the means (Ismail, 2012). At the same time, during the investigation and trial, it is found that this fraud scheme of ArthroCares deep-reaching and irreparable harm to thousands of victims. The FBIs San Antonio Field Office mentioned in this investigation report that thousands of victims will never recover their money those they loosed due to the misleading or misinformed of Baker and Gluk. Special agent Tom Hetrick, of the San Antonio Division that worked in investigation also mentioned that the CEO and CFO would not behave ethically, legally, and misused its title or position that harm many victims, so this kinds of corporate fraud is not acceptable at any situation (Reinstein and Leibowitz, 2014). So, on the basis of Utilitarianism theory, ethical dilemma is identified, due to the unethical behavior of the CEO and CFO of Arthrocare Corporation. Moreover, Baker and Gluk both was only the responsible person of this ethical dilemma, so the jury of the court punished both of them for this corporate fraud (Goza, 2013). In addition, both top executives were misused its title or position and has not provided correct financial information of the investors, so it is unethical behavior of the business aspects. According to utilitarianism theory, investigators and the court jury also found that the CEO and CFO did not behaved legally, ethically, as well as misused its title or position, so they were responsible for this corporate fraud, so that the jury punished both of them. Moreover, the CEO and CFO did not provided correct information or mislead with investors and market analysts as well as they have not faced any guilty of their unethical behavior that indicates the ethical dilemma situation in this case (Knipe and Bitter, 2011). Baker and Gluk have not properly or ethically fulfilled their responsibilities and duties that represent the ethical dilemma situation. Deontology: Deontology is an ethical system that generally ascribed to the idealistic custom of Kant. For instance, the utilitarianism ethical theory concentrates on ends of activities, deontology describe that the activities, or means should be moral. Along with this, Deontologists contend that there are inspirational moral standards as well as truths that are generally appropriate to individuals (Dunn, 2015). Deontology describes that a few activities are indecent paying little heed to their conclusions; these activities aren't right all by themselves. On the other hand, Kant provides a categorical imperative to do something ethically. Moreover, Kant accepts that all individuals reach moral decisions about good and bad focused around sane thought. Deontology is generally connected with the adage 'the means must justify the ends. Along with this, deontological morals hypothesis has three imperative qualities. Initially, obligation ought to be finished for the purpose of obligation (Lin, Pizzini, Vargus and Bardhan, 2011). Second, people ought to be dealt with as substance of intrinsic good esteem; and third, an ethical guideline is an unequivocal basic that is universalizable. On the basis of deontology theory, in this case, internal auditors were also responsible for this corporate fraud because without their approval of financial statements and financial information the company has not produced them publicly. At the same time, internal auditors have neglected or not considered massive fraud scheme as well as they has not performed properly their duties to identify the weakness or misinformation in fiscal statements that indicates shortfall of on internal auditors. According to deontology theory, external auditors also have not behaved ethically and not able to identify fraud or error in the company (Shaw, 2016). So, in this case, internal or external auditors shortfall or weakness identified because they was not able to identify fraud of executives or error in financial statements. On the basis of deontology theory, in this case, mainly the investors or creditors have been impacted on the Arthrocares fraud. This corporate fraud mainly impacted on the stakeholders or investors as they faced losses of their money or returns due to the rapidly decline in the companys share value as results of corporate fraud. Arthrocares fraud or actions caused harm to thousands of victims and these victims will never recover their financial loses. The deontology theory indicated that this corporation fraud not only impacted on their shareholders, but also impacts on other companies stakeholders as they loosed their trust on public companies or stock market (Hackett, 2009). The deontology theory expressed that this fraud impacted on the overall share market growth and trust of investors on market that also affected on the growth of the economy and local government taxes or revenues. Part C: Reflection On the basis of the ethical dilemma case that is given in the part one of this paper, I come to know that there were a lot of internal weaknesses within the organization. In this case, it is clear that both CEO (Michael Baker former) and CFO (Michael Gluk former) of ArthroCare were misusing their power and position. They only want earn money and they were ready to perform illegal activities for their profits. As it is given that Michael Baker and Michael Gluk were running a fraud scheme for the duration of 2005- 2009 and they placed unnecessary medical to represent the false financial statement. This is the major unethical activity conducted by the CEO and CFO of the firm. Moreover, the Utilitarianism theory of ethics makes me happier with the decision I made in Part 1. The main reason behind it is that this theory focuses on the greatest amount of pleasure to the people and this thing is essential for the overall development of an organization (MacKinnon and Fiala, 2014). On the other hand, I also come to know that financial statement represent the overall performance as well as efficiency of an organization in from of the existing as well as potential investors of the firm. But, in this case, the false financial stamen may have a big impact on the decision of the investors of the organizations. Along with this, I also come to know that shortcuts or unethical ways to earn profits are very harmful for the health of the organizations. They may provide profits for a short duration only but not able to exist in the long term. Apart from this, the Egoism theory of ethics makes me less happy with the decision I made in Part 1. It is because of this theory involves innocent people if an ethical dilemma occurs in the organization (Shafer-Landau, 2012). As in this case, we can see that, with the help of unethical business activities, the market price, stock price, and profitability of the firm increased very quickly. But, at last, these unethical activities become the major reason of the high losses of the business. In addition to this, with the help of this case, I also come to know that, in starting, the unethical activities are profitable for all the people those are involved. But, at last, these unethical activities become the reason of death for the people. Moreover, if I were in that same situation again then I would make the same decision again. It is because of punishment is essential if a person performs unethical activities to earn money. For case, due to the greedy nature, the CEO and CFO of the firm, the reputation and image of the firm dropped in a more rapid way. Also, they were obliged to pay a fine of $1 million that was more than the profits they earned. Moreover, they also got punishment by the Federal jury. The punishment of prison t may be very shameful for a person. For that reason, I am pleased with the decision of the jury in this case. References ArthroCare Corporation. (2009). History. Available At: https://www.arthrocare.com/about_us/au_history.htm Broad, C. D. (2014). Five types of ethical theory (2nd ed.). USA: Routledge. Calkins, L.B. and Ratcliffe, R.G. (2014). ArthroCare Ex-Chief Baker Gets 20-Year Term for Fraud. Available At: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-08-29/arthrocare-ex-chief-baker-gets-20-year-term-for-fraud.html Dion, M. (2012). Are ethical theories relevant for ethical leadership?. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 33(1), 4-24. Dunn, W.N. (2015). Public Policy Analysis. NY: Routledge. Dwell, M. (2013). Bioethics: Methods, Theories, Domains. NY: Routledge. Goza, R. (2013). The Ethics of Record Destruction. Journal of Management, 14(6), 107. Hackett, S.C. (2009). The Rediscovery of the Highest Good: A Philosophical and Critical Ethic. Australia: Wipf and Stock Publishers. Ismail, T. H. (2012). Internal auditors' perception about their role in risk management audit in Egyptian banking sector. International Journal of Economics and Accounting, 3(2), 196-220. Knipe, P. J. and Bitter, M. E. (2011). The Central Florida Emphysema Foundation Audit: A Case Study of Personal and Professional Responsibility. Issues in Accounting Education, 26(2), 377-389. Lin, S., Pizzini, M., Vargus, M. and Bardhan, I. R. (2011). The role of the internal audit function in the disclosure of material weaknesses. The Accounting Review, 86(1), 287-323. MacKinnon, B. and Fiala, A. (2014). Ethics: Theory and Contemporary Issues. USA: Cengage Learning. McDonald, G. (2014). Business Ethics. Australia: Cambridge University Press. sterberg, J. (2012). Self and Others: A Study of Ethical Egoism. USA: Springer Science Business Media. Reidenbach, R. E. and Robin, D. P. (2013). Some Initial Steps Toward Improving the Measurement of Ethical Evaluations of Marketing Activities. In Citation Classics from the Journal of Business Ethics (pp. 315-328). Springer Netherlands. Reinstein, A. and Leibowitz, M. A. (2014). Examining How Auditing Text Books Cover the AICPAs Conceptual Frameworks for Ethics. Applied Economics and Finance, 1(2), 65-70. Shafer-Landau, R. (2012). Ethical Theory: An Anthology. UK: John Wiley Sons. Shaw, W.H. (2016). Utilitarianism and the Ethics of War. NY: Routledge. Smith, J.D. (2008). Normative Theory and Business Ethics. Australia: Rowman Littlefield Publishers. The Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2014). A Case of Corporate Greed: Executives Sentenced in $750 Million Fraud Scheme. Available At:https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2014/september/a-case-of-corporate-greed/a-case-of-corporate-greed

Death Penalty Herrera Vs Collins Essay Example For Students

Death Penalty Herrera Vs Collins Essay The Supreme Court addressed the constitutionality of executing someone who claimed actual innocence in Herrera v. Collins (506 U.S. 390 (1993)). Although the Court left open the possibility that the Constitution bars the execution of someone who conclusively demonstrates that he or she is actually innocent, the Court noted that such cases would be very rare. The Court held that, in the absence of other constitutional violations, new evidence of innocence is no reason for federal courts to order a new trial. The Court also held that an innocent inmate could seek to prevent his execution through the clemency process, which, historically, has been the fail safe in our justice system. Herrera was not granted clemency, and was executed in 1993.. Since Herrera, concern regarding the possibility of executing the innocent has grown. Currently, more than 80 death row inmates have been released because of innocence since 1973. In November, 1998 Northwestern University held the first-ever Natio nal Conference on Wrongful Convictions and the Death Penalty, in Chicago, Illinois. The Conference, which drew nationwide attention, brought together 30 of these wrongfully convicted inmates who were exonerated and released from death row. Many of these cases were discovered not as the result of the justice system, but instead as the result of new scientific techniques, investigations by journalism students, and the work of volunteer attorneys. These resources are not available to the typical death row inmate. Public Support Support for the death penalty has fluctuated throughout the century. According to Gallup surveys, in 1936 61% of Americans favored the death penalty for persons convicted of murder. Support reached an all-time low of 42% in 1966. Throughout the 70s and 80s, the percentage of Americans in favor of the death penalty increased steadily, culminating in an 80% approval rating in 1994. Since 1994, support for the death penalty has again declined. Today, 66% of America ns support the death penalty in theory. However, public support for the death penalty drops to around 50 % when voters are offered the alternative of life without parole. (See also, DPICs report, Sentencing for Life: Americans Embrace Alternatives to the Death Penatly)Religion In the 1970s, the National Association of Evangelicals (NAE), representing more then 10 million conservative Christians and 47 denominations, and the Moral Majority, were among the Christian groups supporting the death penalty. NAEs successor, the Christian Coalition, also supports the death penalty. Today, Fundamentalist and Pentecostal churches as well as the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) support the death penalty, typically on biblical grounds, specifically citing the Old Testament. (Bedau, 1997). Although traditionally also a supporter of capital punishment, the Roman Catholic Church now oppose the death penalty. In addition, most Protestant denominations, including Baptists, Episco palians, Lutherans, Methodists, Presbyterians, and the United Church of Christ, oppose the death penalty. During the 1960s, religious activists worked to abolish the death penalty, and continue to do so today. In recent years, and in the wake of a recent appeal by Pope John Paul II to end the death penalty, religious organizations around the nation have issued statements opposing the death penalty. Complete texts of many of these statements can be found at www.envisioning.org. WomenWomen have, historically, not been subject to the death penalty at the same rates as men. From the first woman executed in the U.S., Jane Champion, who was hanged in James City, Virginia in 1632, to the 1998 executions of Karla Faye Tucker in Texas and Judi Buenoano in Florida, women have constituted only 3% of U.S. executions. In fact, only four women have been executed in the post-Gregg era. In addition to Karla Faye Tucker and Judi Buenoano, Velma Barfield was executed in North Carolina in 1984 and Betty Lou Beets was executed in Texas in February, 2000. (OShea, 1999, with updates by DPIC)